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Objective@#To estabilsh animal methods of bone-conducted vibration elicited cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (BCV-cVEMP) and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (BCV-oVEMP) in healthy guinea pigs.@*Methods@#Eleven healthy (250-350 g) and awake guinea pigs were selected and undertake conventional BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP examination in prone position. Parameters of waveforms were cauculated.@*Results@#The BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP both could be elicited in 100% (22/22) in guinea pigs respectively, threshold was (85.5±10.8)dB SPL and (90.7±10.6)dB SPL for cVEMP and oVEMP; n1 latency was (4.5±1.3)ms and (4.3±1.5)ms for cVEMP and oVEMP; p1 latency was (5.8±1.4)ms and (5.6±1.7)ms respectively; n1-p1 interwave latency was (1.2±0.4)ms for cVEMP and (1.4±0.6)ms for oVEMP, amplitude was (21.5±17.3)μV and (24.0±16.3)μV respectively.@*Conclusion@#Both BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP can be successfully elicited in healthy guinea pigs.
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Objective To explore the analysis of Montelukast joint Budesonide clinical curative effect and safety for the treatment of infantile asthma.Methods 80 cases of pediatric asthma patients from June 2014 to June 2016 in our hospital were selected as the research object, and randomly divided into observation group and the control group,40 cases in each group, the control group treated with conventional Budesonide therapy,the observation group with the Montelukast with Budesonide therapy, compared to observe the clinical therapeutic effects of two groups of children and its adverse reactions.Results Observation group with clinical total effective rate was 100.00%, which was significantly higher than the control group 82.50%(P<0.05);The time of disappearance of asthma, the disappearance time of cough, wheezing and the disappearance of wet sound were shorter in observation group than in control group (P<0.05); After treatment,After treatment, the observation group PEF, FEV1, FEVI /FVC scores were significantly better than the control group, and observation group Hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 indicators improved better than the control group, With statistical significance (P<0.05); But there was no significant difference between the two groups in adverse reaction rate.Conclusion Children with asthma by Montelukast with Budesonide therapy of clinical effect is remarkable, can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, and will not increase adverse reactions, has high clinical application security.
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Objective To explore the effect of fat on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumors.Methods A total of 50 7-week-old male Wistar rats were further divided into four groups:standard diet feed control group (n =10),standard diet feed plus DMH-induced tumor group (SDT,n =15),high-fat diet feed control group (n =10) and high-fat diet feed plus DMH-induced tumor group (HFDT,n =15).Rats were killed 18 weeks later,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum triglyeeride,tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),and colonic TNF-α,interleukin-6.After the intestinal tracts were removed,the location,amount,and size of the tumors were observed.The pathological changes of the tissue sections were observed,and the distributions of TNF-α and Ki-67 in the normal tissues and tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Upon the completion of the study,the mortality rate of rats was 20.00％ in the SDT group and 26.67％ in the HFDT group,the tumor formation rate was 75.00％ in the SDT group and 81.82％ in the HFDT group,and the tumor-bearing rate was 117％ in the SDT group and 191％ in the HFDT group.No statistical significance difference between the two groups in mortality rate,tumor formation rate (P =0.545) and tumor bearing rate (x2 =1.343,P =0.247).The average tumor volume was significantly different between the standard diet feed control group and high-fat diet feed control group (28.57％ vs 66.67％,P =0.030).Also,the serum triglyceride and TNF-α levels significantly differed between the SDT group and HFDT group [TG (1.39 ± 0.31) mmol/L and TNF-α (124.80 ± 21.69) ng/L in the HFDT group and TG (0.46 ±0.20) mmol/L and TNF-α (85.83 ± 17.45) ng/L in the SDT group] (P =0.000).The expressions of TNF-α,IL-6,and Ki-67 in colonic mucosa were significantly higher in the high-fat diet feed control group than in the standard diet feed control group [TNF-α:(6.22 ± 0.63) ng/g vs (2.33 ± 0.44) ng/g,P=0.020; IL-6:(13.50±0.67) ng/gvs (7.31 ±0.41) ng/g,P=0.000; and Ki-67:40％ vs 10％,P =0.028].The Ki-67 expression rate was 90.48％ in the HFDT group,compared to 50％ in the SDT group (P =0.015).Conclusions High-fat diet can increase the serum triglyceride and TNF-α levels in rats,upregulate the expressions of TNF-α,IL-6 and Ki-67,and thus promote inflammation and cell proliferation,and ultimately affect the tumor formation and development.However,the effect of fat on DMH-induced colon tumors warrants further studies.
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of four closure techniques ,large incision with plastic distal at‐tachment and clip with suction ,1 .1 cm small incision with plastic distal attachment and clip with suction in natural orifice translu‐minal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) .Methods Forty‐one ex vivo porcine stomachs were involved in this research .According to the size of incision and different methods of incision closure ,all ex vivo porcine stomachs were divided into four groups .Group A in‐volved 8 ex vivo porcine stomachs ,their size of incision were 1 .2-2 .0 cm ,and their incisions were closured by a clip closure direct‐ly ;group B involved 10 ex vivo porcine stomachs ,their size of incision were 1 .2-2 .0 cm ,and their incisions were closed by plastic end attachment with suction and clip enclosure technique;group C involved 10 ex vivo porcine stomachs ,their size of incision were smaller than 1 .1 cm ,and their incisions were by a clip closure directly ;group D involved 13 ex vivo porcine stomachs ,their size of incision were smaller than 1 .1 cm ,and closured by plastic end attachment with suction and clip enclosure technique .Stomach leaks were evaluated by leaking studies after the procedure .Results In group A ,1 incision was closed successfully ,7 incisions were clo‐sured unsuccessfully ;in group B ,2 incisions were closed successfully ,8 incisions were closed unsuccessfully ;in group C ,2 incisions were closed successfully ,8 incisions were closured unsuccessfully ;in group D ,11 incisions were closed successfully ,2 incisions were Closured unsuccessfully .Fisher′s exact test showed that group D was significantly related to the success of incision closure .The were significant differences between group A and D ,group B and group D(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Small incision(smaller than 1 cm) and plastic end attachment with suction and clip enclosure technique are optimal in NOTES procedure in this ex vivo porcine stomachs study .
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Objective The optimal access for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery is still uncertain .This study was designed to compare the practicability and maneuverability of transgastric ,transunmbilical ,and transrectal approach in abdominal surgery in a canine model .Methods Three dogs were used in this research .Three approach :trangastric ,transunmbilical and tran-srectal approach were carried out for abdominal exploration ,liver biopsy ,bladder biopsy and an attempted cholecystectomy .The ma-neuverability ,endoscopic image ,performer′s perception ,and spatial orientation were evaluated .Results The maneuverability of trangastric ,and transrectal approach NOTES were better than transunmbilical NOTES .Abdominal exploration ,live biopsy ,and bladder biopsy were completed successfully .The cholecystectomy was failed because of poor exposure and difficulty of separating the around tissure .Conclusion The optimal approach for upper abdomen NOTES is transrectal route .For lower abdomen NOTES , the trangastric approach is superior to other accesses .Further study is needed to develop more flexible and precise equipment for NOTES and to evaluate more feasible access approach .
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Objective To evaluate the effects of perioperative probiotics administration on patients with colorectal cancer and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Seventy patients with colorectal cancer who were scheduled to undergo radical colorectomy at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital between May 2011 and July 2011 were randomly divided with random number table into the control group (n =35) and the treatment group (n =35).The two groups in 5 days preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively were given daily doses of probiotics preparation consisting of two combined live bacteria and placebo,respectively.The structure of intestinal epithelial tight junction was observed by electron microscopy in colorectal tissue specimens collected during the operation.The expression of tight junctional protein was detected using Western blot and real-time RT-PCR technology.Intestinal epithelial permeability was evaluated by Ussing Chamber system.Stool samples and blood samples were collected on the 7th day after operation.The diversity of faecal flora was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique,and the quantitative detection of specific bacteria was conducted by bacterial culture.Clinical parameters including the first exhaust and defecate time,distension and diarrhea incidence,systemic inflammatory response,and postoperative infective complications were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,the treatment group showed better intestinal epithelial tight junction ultrastructure.The expression of tight junction proteins occludin,claudin-1,and ZO-1 (protein:all P ＜ 0.001 ; mRNA:P =0.005,0.001,0.006) and the transepithelial electrical resistance [(28.3 ±5.2) Ω · cm2 vs.(22.1 ± 4.7) Ω · cm2,P =0.002] were significantly increased,the large molecule permeability [(0.91 ± 0.17) ％ vs.(1.65 ± 0.33) ％,P ＜ 0.001] reduced,the diversity of intestinal flora (P=0.006) increased,the growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria [(143.4 ±35.9) vs.(100.0 ±0.0),P=0.002] and Lactobacilli [(111.3 ± 52.9) vs.(100.0 ± 0.0),P ＜ 0.001] promoted,and the growth of Clostridium perfringens [(66.2 ±23.7) vs.(100.0 ±0.0),P ＜0.001] inhibited in the treatment group.The treatment group also showed shorter postoperative exhaust [(2.5 ± 1.7) d vs.(4.5 ±2.0) d,P ＜0.001] and defecate time [(5.0 ± 1.3) d vs.(6.3 ± 1.1) d,P =0.002],lower incidence of diarrhea (20％ vs.40％,P =0.005) and abdominal distension (35 ％ vs.60％,P =0.021).Conclusion Probiotics used perioperatively in patients with colorectal cancer can effectively enhance the intestinal epithelia barrier function,maintain the homeostasis of gut flora,shorten the postoperative first exhaust and defecate time,reduce the incidence of diarrhea and abdominal distension,and promote the recovery of intestinal function.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small (about 22 nucleotides),endogenous,noncoding RNAs that direct mRNA degradation and translational inhibition post-transcriptionally by binding to complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated regions of specific target mRNAs.miRNAs play multiple important roles in the intestinal epithelium,influencing a number of intestinal disease processes.This review summarizes the regulatory roles of miRNA in intestinal epithelial differentiation,architecture,membrane permeability,immunological function,and more importantly,the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction-associated diseases.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of Stronger Neo-Mioniphagen C(SNMC)on liver function of the patients with hepatocarcinoma associated with cirrhosis.METHODS:55patients with hepatocarcinoma associated with cirrhosis were allocated to2groups randomly,group A:before operation SNMC(1ml/kg)was dripped intravenously to the patients,group B:before surgery NS(1ml/kg)was administered.On the1st、3rd、6th postoperative day,the index of liver function of the perive?nous blood were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:On the1st、3rd postoperative day,all the value of liver function in both group is higher than the basic,and the value in group A is lower than that in group B(P
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AIM: To investigate whether a pathological micro-environmental culture system consisting of cholestatic sera induces embryonic stem cells (ESC) to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro, and select hepatic stem cells from differentiating embryonic stem cells. METHODS: Mouse ESC, E14 cell line, were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 106 U/L recombinant mouse leukemia inhibitory factor (rmLIF) and 10% FCS. After embryonic bodies formed by the hanging drop culture method, they were exposed to fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) for one week, and then placed to a pathological micro-environmental culture system consisting of 5% cholestatic sera and cultured for 2 weeks. Morphological examination, immunocytochemical staining of albumin and CK8/18 were carried out, and mRNA level of albumin and transthyretin were detected by RT-PCR. Glycogen storage and urea synthesis of the cells were tested with PAS staining and colorimetric assay, respectively. RESULTS: The proliferation of cells was inhibited at the early stage when cultured in a pathological micro-environmental culture system consisting of 5% cholestatic sera, but 2 weeks later, a large number of epithelial-like cell colonies were observed, which exhibited hepatocellular phenotype, expressing albumin and CK8/18, transcribing mRNA of albumin and transthyretin and synthesizing glycogen and urea. CONCLUSION: A pathological micro- environmental culture system consisting of 5% cholestatic sera could not only induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, but select hepatic stem cells from differentiating embryonic stem cells initially induced by FGF-4 and HGF in vitro as well.